[39] Of note, mute musical instruments did not provide an obvious benefit, indicating that the functional improvement was associated with the music sensory input. Some of these activities include sucking, rooting, grasping, crawling, motor coordination, and visual tracking. Achieved motor movement can be estimated using both sensory and motor signals. However, we speculate that manipulation of olfactory information may be particularly interesting because it can be easily combined with motor tasks and because it induces relatively strong emotional responses (Herz & Cupchik, 1995; Herz, et al., 2004; Royet et al., 2000; Willander & Larsson, 2007). Rochester L, Baker K, Nieuwboer A, & Burn D (2011). Children begin exploring the environment around them and will often imitate the observed behavior of others. The Rood technique, also known as multisensory stimulation therapy, is suitable for all subtypes of motor control deficits. This is a classic example of how, during this stage, an infant's knowledge of the world is limited to his or her sensory perceptions and motor activities and how behaviors are limited to simple motor responses caused by sensory stimuli. Neuropsychologia 2008;46:311. In conclusion, sensory input plays a crucial role in motor function rehabilitation, and the combined sensorimotor training modality is more effective than conventional motor-oriented approaches. On the other hand, there is mixed evidence for whether combining different modalities will produce additional beneficial effects, as one of the studies provides evidence supporting such effects (Kennedy et al., 2013) while other does not (Suteerawattananon et al., 2004). J Gerontol 2000;55:M10-6. Specificity of learning a sport skill to the visual condition of acquisition. Motor Output. A second example of cerebellum-dependent motor learning involves the execution of accurate, coordinated movements. Finally, simply encouraging patients to focus on internalizing their learning may also help lead to a better transfer of rehabilitation gains to real-world settings. As internal states such as arousal and emotion (induced by non-olfactory stimuli) have also been linked with motor performance (Coombes, Janelle, & Duley, 2005; Hordacre, Immink, Ridding, & Hillier, 2016; Horslen & Carpenter, 2011; Movahedi, Sheikh, Bagherzadeh, Hemayattalab, & Ashayeri, 2007; Noteboom, Fleshner, & Enoka, 2001), one potential way that olfactory cues may also affect motor performance is by ones altering emotional statealthough, this remains to be researched. Crossing nerve transfer drives sensory input-dependent plasticity for Sensory input is very importa For PD patients, converging evidence from experimental research, systematic reviews, and randomized crossover trials demonstrates improvements in gait performance when paired with auditory cues (Hausdorff et al., 2007; Lim et al., 2005; McIntosh, et al., 1997; Nieuwboer et al., 2007; Rochester, Baker, Nieuwboer, & Burn, 2011; Wittwer, Webster, & Hill, 2013). This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0 (CCBY), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

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