"A Word at War: The Italian Army and Brigandage, 18601870." The state is therefore complicit in the construction and interpretation of banditry. Lsebrink, Hans-Jrgen, ed. Brigandage moved from being a question of individual barbarism that the state had to extirpate by aggressive actions such as massive repression to one of collective measurement, documentation, education, and economic development. Privateering could be shady business, and this accounts for some of the lexical overlap with the word pirate. Enter a Crossword Clue. There, they find the . Many bandit chiefs published pamphlets in their own defense claiming that, like all good Greeks, they were fighting the Turks, the Muslim outsiders who were the true brigands attempting to discredit the country. Thus peasant complicity might be either active or passive but equally significant in both cases. In reality bandits changed sides according to self-interest. Campbell, John. Even if folk views of heroic bandits do not reflect historical reality, they do reflect much about the yearnings and values of Latin America's rural masses. In central and eastern Europe and in the Balkans, it was found in the countryside, in specific conditions (such as following wars and massive dislocations) and in specific periods, especially in the late eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, when the modern nation-state was emerging. If bandits are the backward, bloodthirsty, unthinking, "barbarians" the state (and army) portray them as, then it is the state's duty to suppress them in order to protect "civilized" values. Unlike pre-political social bandits or self-serving guerrilla bandits, political bandits had a consciousness of and loyalty to a larger political movement. The most famous of all privateers is probably English admiral Francis Drake, who made a fortune plundering Spanish settlements in the Americas after being granted a privateering commission by Elizabeth I in 1572. C for Cobras A group of cobras is called a quiver. Chicago, 1935. One example was Gao Yingxiang, who started as a mounted bandit in Shaanxi and later became an important rebel leader in late Ming. Over 70 percent of the world is covered in water, so you can imagine that its home to a ton of different species. It was rather the other way round. Inevitably, state authorities viewed such violence as a sign of "barbarism" to be mercilessly extirpated, and as a moral weakness in the peasants who were duped by the bandits. Most online reference entries and articles do not have page numbers. [31] However, such patronage did not guarantee immunity. In both cases, there was a political consciousness and agenda at work, a situation not typical of the pre-political social bandit. Furthermore, a group of young hares is often called leverets. //

Evonetix Stock Symbol, Ridgeland Sc Mugshots, Notbohm Funeral Home Obituaries, Articles W