Open Document. Pass-through of Grants to Municipal Sewerage Capital Spending. This article assembles an array of new data to assess water pollutions trends, causes, and welfare consequences. The Clean Water Act and Water Pollution, VI. This implies that the marginal implicit price of an amenity at a given point on the hedonic price schedule equals the marginal willingness to pay of the consumer who locates on that point of the hedonic price schedule. The product is a tablet that turns any type of substance into clean substance. Overall, this evidence does not suggest dramatic heterogeneity in cost-effectiveness. River miles * pct. That study does not separately identify the effect of the pollution tax from the effect of the abatement subsidy. Considering all owner-occupied homes within 25 miles of the river, the estimated ratio of the grants aggregate effects on home values to the grants costs is 0.26. Online Appendix FigureVI shows national trends in federal versus state and local spending on wastewater treatment capital over 19601983.21 State and local spending on wastewater treatment capital declined steadily from a total of |${\$}$|43 billion in 1963 to |${\$}$|22 billion in 1971 and then to |${\$}$|7 billion annually by the late 1970s. The largest ratios of estimated benefits to costs are for areas where outdoor fishing or swimming is common (ratio of 0.53), for high-amenity urban areas (ratio of 0.40), and in the South (ratio of 0.84). Table provides information about pros & cons of various water quality data submission tools, for use of tribal water quality programs under Clean Water Act Section 106 Tribal grants program. These estimates divide treatment plants into 10 deciles of the number of housing units in 2000 within 25 miles of downstream river segments. A blueprint for clean water everywhere, for everyone Others relate drinking water quality directly to health (Currie etal. Most analyses of recent U.S. water quality regulation count little direct benefit from improving human health (Lyon and Farrow 1995; Freeman 2000; USEPA 2000a; Olmstead 2010).29. The definition also includes standards for boating and drinking water that we do not analyze. Nutrients were not targeted in the original Clean Water Act but are a focus of current regulation. This predictable spatial variation in the net benefits of water quality variation suggests that allowing the stringency of regulation to vary over space may give it greater net benefits (Muller and Mendelsohn 2009; Fowlie and Muller forthcoming). These estimates are even less positive than the estimates for housing. Engineering calculations in USEPA (2000c) suggest that the efficiency with which treatment plants removed pollution grew faster in the 1960s than in the 1980s or 1990s. In total over the period 19722001, the share of waters that are not fishable and the share not swimmable fell by 11 to 12 percentage points. Letting States Do the Dirty Work: State Responsibility for Federal Environmental Regulation, Transboundary Spillovers and Decentralization of Environmental Policies, Water-Quality Trends in the Nations Rivers. Asterisks denote p-value < .10 (*), < .05 (**), or < .01 (***). The Clean Water Act targets industry by focusing on the chemical aspects of polluted water. We discuss a range of pass-through estimates including these for cost-effectiveness and cost-benefit analysis. All results have been reviewed to ensure that no confidential information is disclosed. The increases are small and statistically insignificant in most years. Federal spending grew to between |${\$}$|10 and |${\$}$|20 billion a year in the late 1970s. For water pollution, however, people can more easily substitute between nearby clean and dirty rivers for recreation. Fourth, this analysis abstracts from general equilibrium changes. We analyze all these physical pollutants in levels, though Online Appendix Tables III and VI show results also in logs. Notes. This implies that coefficients in the graph can be interpreted as the pollution level in a given year, relative to the pollution level in the period before the treatment plant received a grant. JavaScript appears to be disabled on this computer. Q_{icy}=\alpha y_{y}+X_{icy}^{^{\,\,\prime }}\beta +\delta _{i}+\epsilon _{icy}. Benefits and Costs of the Clean Air Act Section 812 of the 1990 Amendments (Public Law 101-549) requires EPA conduct scientifically reviewed studies of the impact of the Clean Air Act on the public health, economy and environment of the United States. When Subsidies for Pollution Abatement Increase Total Emissions, Water Quality and Economics: Willingness to Pay, Efficiency, Cost-effectiveness, and New Research Frontiers, Handbook on the Economics of Natural Resources, Evidence of the Effects of Water Quality on Residential Land Prices, Decentralization and Pollution Spillovers: Evidence from the Re-drawing of County Borders in Brazil, Taxation with Representation: Intergovernmental Grants in a Plebiscite Democracy, An Economic Analysis of Clean Water Act Issues, Contingent Valuation of Environmental Goods, A Symphonic Approach to Water Management: The Quest for New Models of Watershed Governance, Ex Post Evaluation of an Earmarked Tax on Air Pollution, Microeconometric Strategies for Dealing with Unobservables and Endogenous Variables in Recreation Demand Models, The Housing Market Impacts of Shale Gas Development, Efficient Pollution Regulation: Getting the Prices Right, Environmental Accounting for Pollution in the United States Economy, Handling Unobserved Site Characteristics in Random Utility Models of Recreational Demand, Presidential Veto Message: Nixon Vetoes Water Pollution Act, Review of Environmental Economics & Policy, Shale Gas Development Impacts on Surface Water Quality in Pennsylvania, Homeownership Returns, Tenure Choice and Inflation, Objective versus Subjective Measures of Water Clarity in Hedonic Property Value Models, Building a National Water Quality Monitoring Program, Why Is Pollution from U.S. Manufacturing Declining?

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