When he became Venices doge in 1423, Francesco Foscari embarked upon a series of wars in mainland Italy, particularly against Milan. In the early 16th century the population of Venice was about 175 000 people. The 16th century was the Age of Exploration, and European kingdoms such as Portugal created trans-Oceanic trade routes. The motivation behind these innovations was the great risk and reward of long distance trade. Additionally, they nationalized the Galley fleet. Norwich, John Julius. The city's population basically peaked in the 1500s, and though it rallied again to near 16th century levels in the 1970s, today there are just one third as many Venetians as 50 years ago. The Venetians were very independent-minded and often resisted Papal policies, even during the Counter-Reformation. [12], The Golden Bull of 1082, issued by Alexios I Komnenos in return for their defense of the Adriatic Sea against the Normans,[13] granted Venetian merchants with duty-free trading rights, exempt from tax, throughout the Byzantine Empire in 23 of the most important Byzantine ports, guaranteed them property-right protections from Byzantine administrators, and given them buildings and wharfs within Constantinople. Women were able to find diverse means of contributing to society outside of the home. They introduced oil painting to the city, and the works of Leonardo were also influential. 2: The Venetian Money Market: Banks, Panics and the Public Debt, 12001500, Baltimore/London 1985 and 1997, Gino Luzzatto, I prestiti della Repubblica di Venezia (sec. Finanza pubblica ed economia tra XV e XVII secolo, Verona 2003, Alan M. Stahl, The Venetian Tornesello. The 16th century marked the crest of a wave for the Venetian Republic; afterward, there was a long recessional. Codex Carolinus 86, Monumenta Germaniae Historica, Epistolae III, S. 622, Alvise da Mosto, L'ARCHIVIO DI STATO DI VENEZIA. In all this noise about per capita income, remember that countries which export knowledge exert far greater influence than those which boast of mere economic numbers. Most of the citys workers find employment in tourism and its related industries, now continuous through all seasons. Although the old clans tried to prevent this development, they could not stop it. There the main cruise liners dock, and the offices of shipping lines occupy former palaces. Jahrhundert, in: Hansische Geschichtsbltter 76 (1958) 4272, Ludo (Ludwig) Moritz Hartmann, Die wirtschaftlichen Anfnge Venedigs, in: Vierteljahrschrift fr Wirtschafts- und Sozialgeschichte 2 (1904) 434442, Gino Luzzatto, Storia economica di Venezia dall'XI al XVI secolo, Venedig 1961, Nachdruck 1995, Storia di Venezia, 8 Voll, Rome 19922002, Benjamin Arbel, Trading Nations: Jews and Venetians in the Early Modern Eastern Mediterranean, Leiden 1995, Jean-Claude Hocquet, Denaro, navi e mercanti a Venezia 12001600, Rom 1999, Ugo Tucci, The psychology of the Venetian merchant in the sixteenth century, in: Renaissance Venice, J. R. Hale (ed. The citys artists who formed associations came under the influence of those from nearby Padua. However, Venice remained an essential power in the region, and it continued to fight many wars against the Ottomans and was even central to the Christian victory at Lepanto (1571). In addition capital of the Netherlands and of England overran the Venetian competitors, as they did not accept any Venetian trade monopolies and trade moved into the North Atlantic. Steinbach, Marion. Whats the lesson for entrepreneurs and innovators today? In addition, the merchants participated in growing trade with the Holy Land, where Acre played the main role until 1291. Since oil dries slowly, the colors could . It was very democratic for the time and its institutions and laws were by contemporary standards very equitable. January 17, 2017. The end of the republic came after the outbreak of the French Revolution. The Renaissance in Italy was a great cultural and intellectual flourishing that changed Europe, and it is widely seen as heralding the end of the Middle Ages and ushering in the Modern World. Napoleon, determined to destroy the Venetian oligarchy, claimed as a pretext that Venice was hostile to him and a menace to his line of retreat during his Austrian campaign of 1797. What was the role of women in 16th century Venice? All these innovations can be related directly back to the demandsof long-distance trade. After long and difficult negotiations they were re-admitted in Byzantium. Pp. [3] At about 750 King Aistulf of the Longobards prohibited trade with the Byzantine subjects - that means obviously with the people of the lagoon as well. Venices conquest of the Polesine region (1484) increased the opposition of the other Italian states to Venetian territorial expansion. Venice was essential in this remarkable era as its trade networks helped to create the wealth that laid the foundations for the cultural flourishing. Consequently, Venice was forced to expand within its narrow territory, so gardens and swamps were largely replaced by dwellings.

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