During the progressive era, opponents of political reform included many memebers of all of the following except: The middle class: 25: 13483901625: During the progressive era, reformers of city government frequently tried: Create city managers: 26: 13483901626: The initiative and referendum were progressive era political reforms, designed to weaken [267], The politics of the 1920s was unfriendly toward the labor unions and liberal crusaders against business, so many if not most historians who emphasize those themes write off the decade. The outbreak of World War I in 1914 halted most transcontinental immigration, only after 1919 did the flow of immigrants resume. [111], By 1890, the secret ballot was widely adopted by the states for elections, which was non-controversial and resulted in the elimination of purchased votes since the purchaser couldn't determine how the voter cast their vote. Wickersham to Taft August 23, 1912 in Record, p 179. United States - Theodore Roosevelt and the Progressive movement [210], The Philippines were acquired by the United States in 1899, after victory over Spanish forces at the Battle of Manila Bay and a long series of controversial political debates between the senate and President McKinley and was considered the largest colonial acquisition by the United States at this time. The Progressive political crusades were overshadowed in 1919 by violent confrontations with Bolsheviks (Communists), anarchists and violent strikes. In 1902, the Oregon Legislative Assembly approved such a system, which was known at the time as the "Oregon System". The two leading proponents were Taft, a constitutional lawyer who later became Chief Justice, and Democratic leaders William Jennings Bryan. Palmer, pointing to leaders like George Norris, says, "It is worth noting that progressivism, whilst temporarily losing the political initiative, remained popular in many western states and made its presence felt in Washington during both the Harding and Coolidge presidencies. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. But progressives sought to hitch the will of the people to a strengthened national administrative power, which was anathema to the Populists. Progressivism in the United States - Wikipedia [248] The Southern Education Board came together to publicize the importance of reform. Idaho, However, Campbell (2005) stresses the weak points of the economy in 19071914, linking them to public demands for more Progressive interventions. Progressive mayors took the lead in many key cities,[170] such as Cleveland, Ohio (especially Mayor Tom Johnson); Toledo, Ohio;[171] Jersey City, New Jersey;[172] Los Angeles;[173] Memphis, Tennessee;[174] Louisville, Kentucky;[175] and many other cities, especially in the western states. Out of the . The ideology of the Commission was characterized by that of the Progressive Era, which strived against prostitution, alcoholism, social diseases, and poor sanitary conditions in major cities. Drinking itself was never prohibited. The changes that the Progressive Era brought about were limited. The Progressive movement split into hostile factions. PDF AP U.S. History Sample Questions - College Board Ph.D. dissertation. All rights reserved. [32] They had a rapidly growing interest in the communication and role between classes, those of which are generally referred to as the upper class, working class, farmers, and themselves. However, many rejected the reform. [247] There were some less successful attempts in the South, where educational levels were far lower. On international work for social hygiene see Lou Antolihao, et al. Political and Social Reforms - CliffsNotes [128][129], Besides public health, the social hygiene movement also aimed to uphold moral purity and family values. Reformers addressed problems including worker safety, child labor, voting rights, overcrowding of cities, sanitation, political corruption, alcohol corruption, and taxation. Initially, the movement operated chiefly at the local level, but later it expanded to the state and national levels.

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