a. Structural-functionalists d. Southern Baptist Convention. a. number of fictional characters that are male or female c. advertisements Its worth noting that race, in this sense, is also a system of labeling that provides a source of identity; specific labels fall in and out of favor during different social eras. a. c. 40 c. Women's socialization better qualifies them to understand, teach, nurse, and physically care for children. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.org. c. genderized poverty. One-to-one interactions and communications. A study of 200 "topselling" children's picture books found These interactions contribute to an abstract picture of the subordinate group that allows the dominant group to support its view of the subordinate group, and thus maintains the status quo. women equally shared responsibility with the men for providing food, clothing, and shelter for their families. c. lower unemployment. 1. b. anti-poverty programs designed to address overall economic inequality will reduce the feminization of poverty. Conflict theories are often applied to inequalities of gender, social class, education, race, and ethnicity. a. have limited learning potential. The belief that females are less valuable than males is an example of Scholars of interactionism study how individuals act within society and believe that meaning is produced through interactions. In her split labor market theory, conflict theorist Edna Bonacich (1972) proposed that ethnic antagonism often has economic underpinnings because the capitalist owners of the means of production would prefer to pay workers from a particular ethnic group lower wages than workers from a dominant ethnic group. d. sexualizing of young girls and boys. . a. live about two years longer than women. The OpenStax name, OpenStax logo, OpenStax book covers, OpenStax CNX name, and OpenStax CNX logo c. that are easy and that don't involve getting dirty. a. a decrease of women in the workforce after World War II. This situation illustrates d. the concentration of women in certain occupations and men in other occupations. c. cultural sexism. a. Structural sexism a. hiring preferences for veterans In the 115th Congress of the United States, what percentage of the elected officials were women? the way in which the meanings assigned to sex and gender as social categories create disparities in resources such as income, power, and status. b. little job security. This page titled 2.2: Sociological Theoretical Perspectives is shared under a CC BY-NC-SA 4.0 license and was authored, remixed, and/or curated by Erika Gutierrez, Jant Hund, Shaheen Johnson, Carlos Ramos, Lisette Rodriguez, & Joy Tsuhako (ASCCC Open Educational Resources Initiative (OERI)) . Women are more likely to be unemployed compared to men. b. with high concentrations of lesbian and gay employees. Critical race theory in education, like its antecedent in legal scholarship, is a radical critique of both the status quo and the purported reforms (Ladson-Billings & Tate, 1995, p. 62). Structural-functionalists argue that, in preindustrial societies, Generally, the outer ring contains elements that may change relatively often, while the elements in the inner circle are often considered more permanent. d. the publication of Betty Friedan's book, The Feminine Mystique. c. stress-related activities Symbolic interactionism aims to understand human behavior by analyzing the critical role of symbols in human interaction. The "glass escalator effect" refers to the process by which We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. All of the following are true of gender and HIV/AIDS worldwide EXCEPT a. pinkcollar jobs Income before tax Income tax rate. a. the idea that women can achieve as much success as men if they work hard enough. 1. b. an employer who requires sexual favors of an employee in exchange for a salary increase Which of the following constitute employment discrimination against women? The "timeavailability approach" explains the traditional division of labor in the home by the belief that To restore the societys pre-disturbed state or to seek a new equilibrium, the police department and various parts of the system require changes and compensatory adjustments. Centering race in the examination of social phenomena and inequality. Creative Commons Attribution License Except where otherwise noted, textbooks on this site Nash (1964) focused his argument on the way racism is functional for the dominant group, for example, suggesting that racism morally justifies a racially unequal society. 4. racialization Problems arise when one or more racial or ethnic groups experience inequalities and discriminations. To consider racism as normal, not deviant or an aberration, implies that race is normalized as business as usual in our social structures such as our schools, housing patterns, the workplace, politics, mass media including television and social media, sports, the criminal justice system, and so on. This type of approach would appeal to the sensitive and relational characteristics typically associated with femininity. a. informal working arrangements.

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